get
1. get about [around]
(1) (能)到处走动，旅行。如：
He didn’t get about much after the operation. 手术后他不常外出去动。
It’s easy in this city to get about by bus. 在本市乘公共汽车去各处都很方便。
(2) (消息、谣言等)传播，流传。如：
I don’t mind you knowing, but I don’t really want it to get about. 我不是不让你知道，但我实在不想让它传出去。
2. get along
(1) 离开(某地)。如：
It’s time we were getting along. 我们该走了。
(2) 相处，过日子，合得来。如：
How are you getting along (with her)? 你(与她)过得怎样?
Do you get along with your boss? 你与老板合得来吗?
(3) 进展。如：
How are you getting along with your work? 你的工作进展如何?
3. get away
(1) 离开，逃离，逃走。如：
I won’t be able to get away (from the office) before 7. 我七点以前离不开(办公室)。
The thieves got away with all our money. 那些贼偷了我们所有的钱逃走了。
(2) 逃避责罚，免受处罚，受较轻处罚。如：
If you cheat in the exam, you’ll never get away with it. 考试作弊必予追究。
For such a serious offence he was lucky to get away with a fine. 他犯了那么严重的过失，却侥幸只交罚款了事。
4. get back
(1) 返回，回家。如：
When did you get back from Paris? 你是什么时候从巴黎回来的?
(2) 取回，拿回，失而复得。如：
He got back the watch he lost. 他丢的表找回来了。
We decided to get the books back. 我们决定把书要回来。
5. get down 下来，取下，放下，弄下，写下，打下，吞下。如：
The boy climbed up the tree and couldn’t get down. 小男孩爬上树，却下不来了。
He spoke too fast and I couldn’t get down all he said. 他说得太快，我无法记下他所说的所有东西。
We managed to get down enemy planes. 我们设法打下了两架敌机。
The medicine was so horrible I could hardly get it down. 那药很难吃，我好不容易才咽下去。
6. get down to (doing) sth 开始做某事，认真处理某事。如：
It’s time we got down to some serious work. 我们该认真干点正事了。
7. get in
(1) 进站，到达，回来。如：
The train (plane) got in late. 火车(飞机)晚点了。
I’ll phone him as soon as I get in. 我一到家就给他打电话。
(2) 请来。如：
They have got the doctor in to look at the child. 他们已请来大夫给孩子看病。
(3) 插话。如：
He talks so much that it’s impossible to get a word in. 他说个不停，别人休想插话。
(4) 收获，收割。如：
The villagers were busy getting the harvest in. 村民们在忙于收获庄稼。
8. get off
(1) 起飞，动身，出发。如：
The plane got off on time. 飞机准时起飞。
We got off immediately after breakfast. 我们吃完早餐就动身了。
(2) 下班，下车。如：
We get off at five. 我们五点下班。
I’ll get off at the next stop. 我在下一站下车。
(3) 从轻处罚，被放过。如：
He got off with a small fine. 他交了一小笔罚款了事。
9. get on
(1) 上车。如：
The bus came and we got on. 公共汽车来了，我们就上了车。
(2) 进行，进展，过日子。如：
Let’s get on with our work. 我们继续干吧。
How are you getting on (at school)? 你(在学校)的情况如何?
(3) 相处。如：
He is not an easy man to get on with. 他不好相处。
10. get out
(1) 出来，出去，离开。如：
The door was locked and we couldn’t get out. 门被锁上了，我们无法出去。D(21)
The meeting went on late, so I got out as soon as I could. 会议开到很晚，所以一有机会我便离开了。
(2) 拿出，取出。如：
He got out a dictionary and looked up the word in it. 他拿出一本词典来查这个词。
(3) 出版，发表。如：
We hope to get the report out before the end of the month. 我们希望在这个月底发表这个报告。
(4) 泄漏，传出。如：
If the secret gets out, there will be trouble. 如果秘密泄漏出去，那就麻烦了。
11. get out of
(1) 逃避，躲掉。如 ：
He tried to get out of helping me. 他企图逃避给我帮助。
He will do anything to get out of work. 为了逃避工作，他什么事都干得出来。
(2) 使说出(拿出等)。如：
He tried to get money out of her. 他设法要她出钱。
The police got the truth out of him. 警察迫使他说出了真话。
(3) 放弃，戒除，停止。如：
You must get out of that bad habit. 你必须戒除那个坏习惯。
He told me to get out of smoking. 他叫我戒烟。
12. get over
(1) 走过，越过，渡过。如：
How can we get over the river? 我们怎样过河?
(2) 克服，战胜。如：
She can’t get over her shyness. 她克服不了羞怯感。
(3) 恢复，痊愈。如：
Have you got over your cold yet? 你的感冒好了没有?
He hasn’t got over her death. 他还在为她的死悲痛不已。
13. get through
(1) 做完，用完，吃完，看完。如：
There’s a lot of work to get through. 有很多工作要做。
He has got through all his money. 他的钱全用完了。
I must get through the book before Saturday. 我必须在星期六以前看完这本书。
(2) 通过(考试)，接通(电话)，度过(时间)。如：
Did you get through your driving test? 你的驾驶测验通过了吗?
I tried to telephone you but couldn’t get through. 我设法给你打电话，但打不通。
14. get together 聚会，联欢。如：
When can we get together? 我们什么时候可以聚一聚?
We’ll get together with him to discuss this problem. 我们要与他碰头讨论这个问题。
15. get up
(1) 起床，起身。如：
I get up at six every morning. 我每天早上六点钟起床。
The class got up when the teacher came in. 老师进来时，全班学生都站起来。
(2) 打扮。如：
She got herself up as a peasant girl. 她打扮成农家姑娘。
(3) 举办。如：
We are getting up a party for her birthday. 我们要给她开个生日庆祝会。
16. get doing
(1) 继续做某事。如：
Get moving, please. (不要停下)请往前走。
(2) 开始做起某事来。如：
Soon I got talking to her. 很快我就同她谈起话来了。
We got chatting and discovered that we’d been at college together. 我们聊起天来才发现我们原来在大学是同学。
17. get done
(1) 被……。如：
He got caught for speeding. 他因超速而被抓住。
Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们在搬家时有些玻璃杯被打破了。
(2) 处于某种状态。如：
Soon he got dressed and went out. 他很快穿好衣服出去了。
Don’t get excited about it. 不要为此事激动。
18. get sb sth / get sth for sb 为某人弄到某物。如：
Let’s get them something to eat. 咱们先给他们弄点东西吃。
Will you get me a ticket? / Will you get a ticket for me? 你能为我弄张票吗?
19. get sb (sth) to do sth 做某人(某事物)做某事。如：
You must get them to come over here. 你必须想法让他们到这儿来。
He couldn’t get the car to start and went by bus. 他因无法发动车子，所以就乘公共汽车去。
20. get sb (sth) doing sth 使某人(某事物)(开始)起来。如：
What he said got us thinking. 他说话使我们思考起来。
Can you get the clock going again? 你能让这钟重新走起来吗?
21. get sth done 使某事被做。如：
Go and get your hair cut. 去把头发理了。
You must get the work done by Friday. 你必须最迟在星期五以前把工作做完。
注：有时表示遭遇。如：
He got his watch stolen. 他的表被偷了。
He got his fingers caught in the door. 他的手指让门给夹住了。
22. get to do sth
(1) 开始做某事。如：
I got to know him in 1995. 我是1995年认识他的。
You’ll like her once you get to know her. 你一旦了解她你就喜欢她的。
(2) 有机会做某事，设法做成某事。如：
He never got to go to college. 他从无机会上大学。
How did you get to be captain? 你是怎样当上船长的?
gift
1. make sb a gift of sth 把某物作为礼物送给某人。如：
Grandma made me a gift of her silver. 祖母把她的银器作为礼物送给了我。
He made her a gift of his dictionary. 他把他的字典作为礼物送给她。
注：有时也可说成 make a gift of sth to sb。如：
He made a gift of ten thousand dollars to the library. 他向图书馆捐赠一万美元。
2. have a gift for (doing) sth 有做某事的才能(天赋)。如：
He has a gift for music (poetry). 他有音乐(诗歌)天赋。
He has a gift for teaching children. 他有教小孩子的天赋。
She has a gift for (learning) languages. 她有学语言的天赋。
注：有时用介词 of, 但此时 gift 前通常用定冠词。如：
She has the gift of speaking well. 她很有口才。
He has the gift of making friends easily. 他有善于交友的才能。
give
1. give sb sth / give sth to sb 把某物给某人。如：
Please give me a dictionary. / Please give a dictionary tome. 请给我一本词典。
2. give away
(1) 分发，送人，赠送。如：
He gave away all his money to the poor. 他把所有的钱都给了穷人。
(2) 背弃，出卖。如：
I know you didn’t want to give your friend away. 我知道你不想出卖朋友。
(3) 泄漏，暴露。如：
He gave away the secret through carelessness. 他一时大意，泄露了秘密。
3. give in
(1) 上交。如：
Give in your examination papers now. 现在请把考卷交上来。
(2) 让步，投降。如：
The enemy were at last forced to give in. 敌人终于被迫投降。
He has given in to my views. 他已经听从了我的意见。
4. give off 发出(光、热、声音、气味等)。如：
The gas gave off an unpleasant smell. 这种气体有一种难闻的气味。
The chemical change gives off heat and light. 这种化学变化发出热和光。
5. give out
(1) 分发，散发。如：
Give the money out to the children. 把钱分给孩子们。
The teacher gave out the examination papers. 老师把试卷发了下来。
(2) 用完，耗尽。如：
Our money soon gave out. 我们的钱很快就用完了。
My patience at last gave out. 我终于失去了耐心。
(3) 垮掉。如：
The chair gave out under the fat woman. 这个胖女人把这把椅子坐垮了。
(4) 失灵，出故障。如：
The car gave out at the foot of a hill. 汽车在一座山脚下坏了。
The car engine suddenly gave out. 汽车发动机突然失灵了。
(5) 发表，公布。如：
It was given out that he was dead. 他的死讯已公布。
(6) 发出(热、声音、信号等)。如：
The gas-fire gives out a good heat. 这煤气炉发出很大的热量。
6. give up
(1) 放弃，戒掉。如：
He’s given up the idea. 他已放弃这个想法。
The doctor told me to give up smoking. 医生叫我戒烟。
(2) 交出，让出。如：
Give up your arms and live! 交枪不杀!
He gave up his seat to an old woman. 他把座位让给了一位老大娘。
(3) 投降，认输。如：
They gave up without a fight. 他们不战而降。
I give up; tell me wht the answer is. 我认输，告诉我答案吧。
glad
1. be glad of (about, at) sth 对某事感到高兴。如：
I’m glad of your success. 我为你的成功而高兴。
I’m glad at (hearing of) the news. 听到这消息我很高兴。
I’m glad about his new job. 我对他的新工作感到很高兴。
2. be glad to do sth 很高兴做某事。如：
I’m glad to lend you the money. 我很乐意把钱借给你。
Everyone was glad to hear the news. 听到这消息大家都很高兴。
go
1. go back
(1) 回去。如：
When will he go back? 他什么时候回去?
Let’s go back to what the chairman said earlier. 咱们回到主席早些时候所说到的话题上吧。
(2) 回顾，回溯。如：
My family goes back to the 18th century. 我的家族可追溯到18世纪。
2. go by
(1) 从(……)旁边经过。如：
A police car went by (us) at full speed. 一辆警车全速从我们身旁驶过。
(2) (时间、机会等)过去。如 ：
Two years went by. 两年过去了。
He let the chance go by. 他错过了机会。
(3) 遵循，按照，以……为依据。如：
That’s a good rule to go by. 那是要遵守的好规则。
We can’t go by looks alone. 我们不能只看外表。
3. go down
(1) 下落，下沉。如：
The sun is going down. 太阳西下。
Three ships went down in the storm. 风暴中有三艘船沉没。
(2) 下降，降低，减低，减弱。如：
The standard of work has gone down. 工作标准降低了。
We waited for the wind to go down. 我们等待风势减弱。
Eggs are going down in price. / The price of eggs is going down. 鸡蛋价格下跌了。
4. go in for
(1) 参加(考试、比赛等)。如：
I’d like to go in for a more advanced examination if I can. 如果可能的话，我想参加更高级的考试。
Which events is he going in for at the Olympics? 他参加奥运会的什么项目?
(2) 从事(某一职业等)。如：
Have you ever thought of going in for teaching? 你考虑过从事教书这一职业吗?
(3) 爱好，喜欢。如：
I don’t go in for sports. 我不爱好体育活动。
5. go into
(1) 到达，进入，从事，参加。如：
I’m going into town today. 我今天要进城。
He decided to go into politics. 他决定从政。
Two days later they went into battle again. 两天后他们又投入了战斗。
He went into the army at the age of 18. 他18岁参军。
(2) 调查，研究，弄清楚。如：
The police are going into the murder case. 警察在调查这想谋杀案。
We need to go into the question of costs. 我们有必要研究一下费用问题。
6. go out
(1) 出去。如：
Let’s go out for a walk. 我们出去走一走吧。
(2) 出国，远行。如：
He’s gone out to Japan. 他去日本了。
(3) 熄灭。如：
The fire has gone out. 火熄了。
7. go over
(1) 复习、温习、演习。如：
Let’s go over the new word again. 我们把生词再复习一遍。
She went over her lines before the first night of the play. 她在该剧首演前又演习了一次台词。
(2) 检查、查看、核对。如：
Go over your work carefully before you hand it in. 交作业前要仔细检查一下。
Let’s go over everything and find out where the trouble is. 咱们把一切检查一遍，看问题出在哪里。
8. go through
(1) 通过。如：
Can the table go through the door? 那桌子能过得了那门吗?
The new has gone through. 新的法律已经通过。
(2) 检查，审查，查找。如：
We’d like to have you go through the book. 我们想请你审阅这本书。
I’ve gone through all my pockets but can’t find my keys. 我把所有的口袋都找遍了，但就是找不到我的钥匙。
(3) 经历，经过。如：
The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经过了太多的战争。
(4) 做完，用完。如：
Let’s go through the exercises. 咱们把这些练习做完。
He went through all the money his father gave him. 他花完了他父亲给他的所有钱。
9. go up
(1) 上升，上涨。如：
Prices have gone up again. 物价又上涨了。
World population is going up. 世界人口在上涨。
(2) 兴建，建立。如：
New houses are going up all over the countryside. 乡下到处在建房子。
10. have gone to 到……去了。如：
He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。
The children have gone home. 孩子们回家去了。
比较 have been to 与 have gone to：前者表示“去过某地”，后者表示“到某地去了”。如：
I have been to Japan three times. 我去过日本三次。
A：Where is John? 约翰在哪?
B：Oh, he has gone home. 哦，他回家去了。
11. be going to do sth
(1) 打算或准备做某事。如：
He is going to sell his house. 他打算把房子卖掉。
We are going to leave for Shanghai. 我们打算离开去上海。
(2) 即将发生某情况。如：
It’s going to rain. 要下雨了。
I’m going to be twenty next month. 下个月我就20岁了。
There’s going to be a storm soon. 很快要来暴雨了。
(3) 按计划或安排要发生的事。如：
What is he going to play next? 他下面演奏什么?
The wall is going to be painted green. 墙壁要被漆成绿色。
12. go＋doing去做某事。如：
We often go swimming together. 我们经常一起去游泳。
Let’s go boating this afternoon. 我们今天下午去划船吧。
类例：
go skating 去滑冰go skiing 去滑雪
go dancing 去跳舞go climbing 去爬山
go fishing 去钓鱼go hunting 去打猎
go shopping 去买东西go sight-seeing 去观光
go walking去散步go camping 去野营
13. go on doing sth 不停地做某事，继续做某事。如：
You can’t go on working all night without a rest. 你不能通宵工作而不休息。
She nodded, smiled, and went on stitching. 她点了点头，笑了笑，又继续缝衣服。
14. go on to do sth (做完某事后)接着或继续做某事。如：
He went on to show us how to do it. 他接着又教我们如何做。
Go on to do the other exercises after you have finished this one. 做完这个练习后， 请接着做其它的练习。
15. go on with sth 继续做某事。如：
He took a cup of tea, and went on with the story. 他喝了一口茶，又接着讲故事。
Mother went on cooking; I went on with my homework. 妈妈继续做饭，我继续做功课。
good
1. be good at (doing) sth 擅长(做)某事。如：
He’s good at tennis (maths). 他擅长打网球(学数学)。
She is good at telling stories. 她擅于讲故事。
2. good and 很，非常。如：
He was good and angry. 他非常生气。
I pushed him good and hard. 我使劲地推他。
3. It’s good for sb to do 做某事对某人有好处。如：
It’s good for you to drink coffee. 喝咖啡对你有好处。
It’s good for her to buy a computer. 买台电脑对他有好处。
4. It’s good of sb to do 某人做某事是很好的。如：
It’s good of you to lend it to me. 你真好把它借给我。
It’s good of her to help us. 她帮助我们真是太好了。
5. It’s no good doing sth 做某事没有用。如：
It is no good talking. 空谈是没有用的。
Is it any good trying to explain? 试图作些解释有用吗?
It’s no good his [him] apologizing now. 现在他道歉也没用了。
注：有时也可接不定式，但许多语法家反对这一用法，所以学生不宜模仿。
graduate
1. graduate at [from] 从……毕业。如：
He graduated from high school last year. 他去年中学毕业。
My friend graduated at Oxford. 我的朋友毕业于牛津大学。
注：英国英语多用介词 at, 美国英语多用介词 from。
2. be graduated at [from] 从……毕业。如：
He was graduated from Harvard. 他毕业于哈佛大学。
注：用被动语态不如用主动语态常见，所以上面一句省略 was更常见。
Greek
1. be all Greek to sb 某人完全不懂或一窍不通。如：
It’s all Greek to me. 这我完全不懂。
What the lawyer said was Greek to me. 这个律师讲的话我一点也听不懂。
grow
1. grow into
(1) 长成，变成。如：
He has grown into a fine young man. 他已长成一个英俊的小伙子。
(2) 长大了(可以穿)。如：
The coat is too big for him now, but he will grow into it. 这上衣他现在穿太大，等他长大些再穿就合适了。
2. grow out of
(1) 由……产生。如：
Their love grew out of friendship. 他们的爱情从友谊中产生。
(2) 长大了(而穿不了)。如：
Mary has grown out of all her clothes. 玛丽已长大，所有的旧衣服都穿不了。
3. grow up 长大(成人)。如：
When he grew up, he became a great scientist. 他长大之后，成了一位伟大的科学家。
4. grow to do sth 开始做某事。如：
He’s growing to like her better. 他变得更喜欢她了。
The little girl is growing to be more and more like her mother. 这个小姑娘长得越来越像她妈妈了。
注：其后接的不定式通常为 be, like, hate, believe 等。
half
1. by half
(1) 一半。如：
They cut down the expenditure by half. 他们把开支减少了一半。
(2) 极大地，大大地。如：
He’s the better singer by half. 他是一位高明得多的歌手。
2. by halves 半途而废地，不完全地。如：
Never do things by halves. 做事绝不能半途而废。
3. half and half 各半地，等量地，一样一半地。如：
A：Is it made of milk or water? 是用牛奶做的还是用水做的?
B：Half and half. 各一半。
A：Are you sorry for her? 你为她难过吗?
B：Half and half. 既难过也不难过。
4. half of 一半。如：
Half of the fruit was bad. 有一半水果坏了。
Half of 50 is 25. 50的一半是25。
I only know half of them. 我只认识他们当中的一半人。
5. in half 两半。如 ：D21
Cut it in half. 把它分成两半。
The party is likely to split in half. 该党可能分为两派。
6. not half
(1) 毫不，一点也不(主要修饰 bad, badly 等)。如：
The food’s not half bad. 这道菜相当好吃。
(2) 很，非常。如：
I don’t half like it. 我非常喜欢它。
A：Was he worried? 他着急吗?
B：Not half. 很急。
7. one and a half 一个半。如：
One and a half hours later he was still waiting. 一个半小时后他还在等。
One and a half months have passed. 已经过去了一个半月。
注：以上各句也可说成：
An hour and a half later he was still waiting.
A month and a half has passed. )
hand
1. at hand
(1) 在手边，在近处。如：
He lives close at hand. 他就住在附近。
I always keep a dictionary (ready) at hand. 我经常把字典放在手边。
(2) 即将到来。如：
The examinations are near at hand. 考试即将来临。
2. by hand
(1) 用手工(即不是用机器或其它手段)。如：
The letter was written by hand. 这封信是用手写的(即不是打印的)。
My shoes were made by hand. 我的鞋是手工做的(即不是机器做的)。
(2) 用专人(即不是通常邮寄等)。如：
Did the letter come by hand or through the post? 这封信是专人送来的还是邮寄来的?
3. give [lend] sb a hand 帮某人一把。如：
It’s really heavy--can you give [lend] me a hand? 这东西确实很重，能帮一下忙吗?
4. hand in hand
(1) 手拉手。如：
They walked down the street hand in hand. 他们手拉手沿街道走去。
(2) 同时并存。如：
War and suffering go in hand and hand. 战争与苦难是同时并存的。
5. in hand
(1) 手头有。如：
I still have some money in hand. 我手头还有些钱。
(2) 控制，处理，进行。如： / 8)
The work is in hand and will soon be completed. 工作正在进行中，不久就可完成。
Give them a call and let them know we have the matter in hand. 给他们打个电话，告诉他们我们已控制了局势。
6. on hand 在手边(随时可用)。如：
I still have some money on hand. 我手头还有些钱。
She always has her dictionary on hand when she studies. 他学习时总是把词典放在手边。
注：这样用的 on 有时与 at hand 或 in hand 同义。
7. on the one (other) hand 一方面(另一方面)。如：
On the one hand this job doesn’t pay very much, but on the other (hand) I can’t get another one. 从一方面来说这份工作工资不高，但另一方面我又找不到另外的工作。
8. hands up 举手，举起手来。如：
Hands up, those who know the answer. 知道答案的请举手。
Hands up and drop your arm. 举起手来，把枪放下。
注：有时也用其他表达。如：
Put up your hand(s) if you have any questions. 有问题请举手。
9. with one’s hand(s) 用手(即不是用口，用脚，用眼睛等)。如：
We work with our hands. 我们用手工作。
He stroke the child with his hand. 他用手打这个小孩。
10. hand sb sth / hand sth to sb 把某物递给某人。如：
Hand me the key, please. 请把钥匙递给我。
He handed her a letter. 他交给她一封信。
Please hand me the dictionary. / Please hand the dictionary to me. 请把字典递给我。
11. hand in 交来，交上去(给老师或上级)。如：
Hand in your examination papers now, please. 现在请把考卷交上来。
Someone handed this parcel in this morning. 今天早上一个人把这个包交了上来。
12. hand on 传递给另一个人。如：
Please read this notice and hand it on. 本通知看后请传阅。
Please hand on the magazine to your friends. 请把这本杂志传给你的朋友看。
13. hand out 散发，分发。如：
The teacher handed out the examination papers. 老师分发试卷。
Will you help me to hand out the leaflets at the meeting? 请你在会上帮我把这些传单发给大家好吗?
14. hand over 移交，拿给(另一人)。如：
He has handed over his business to his son. 他已把他的生意移交给他儿子。
The thief was handed over to the police. 这个小偷已经送交派出所了。
15. shake hands (with sb) (同某人)握手。如：
They shook hands and entered the hall. 他们握了手然后就进了大厅。
He shook hands warmly with me. 他同我热情握手。
注：有时也说 shake one’s hand。如：
He shook my hand warmly. 他同我热情握手。
happen
1. as it happens 偶然，碰巧。如：
As it happens, I have my notebook with me. 碰巧我带着笔记本。
I saw him in the street yesterday, as it happens. 我昨天碰巧在街上见到了他。
注：该结构可用于现在或过去。
2. happen on [upon] 巧遇，偶然发现。如：
I happened upon her in the street the other day. 几天前我在街上碰巧遇见了她。
He happened on the book in the bookstore. 他在书店偶然发现了这本书。
3. happen to sb (sth) 发生在某人(某事物)身上。如：
What happend to you [the radio]? 你[收音机]怎么样了?
If anything happens to him, let me know. 如果他发生什么意外，就请告诉我。
4. It (so, just) happened that-clause 碰巧发生某事。如：
It (so) happened that she was out when he called. 他打电话时，她碰巧不在家。
It (just) happened that he had read the book. 他碰巧读过那本书。
注：该句型可与 happen to do sth互换，如以上各句也可说成:
She happened to be out when he called.
He happened to have read the book.
happy
1. be happy at [about, over] sth 因(对)某事感到高兴。如：
He is happy about his promotion. 他得到提升，感到很高兴。
We are happy at [about] his letter. 收到他的来信我们很高He is happy over his success. 他对自己的成功感到高兴。
2. be happy for sb 为某人感到高兴。如：
We were happy for him when we heard he passed the exam. 我们听说他考试通过了，我们都为他高兴。
3. be happy to do sth 很高兴(愿意)做某事。如：
I’m very happy to help you. 我很乐意帮助你。
I’ll be happy to meet when I have time. 我有空时会乐于与他见面。
4. be happy with [in] sth 对某事满意。如：
Are you happy with your life? 你对生活满意吗?
He is happy in his work. 他对工作感到满意。
hard
1. be hard on sb (sth)
(1) 对某人很严厉或苛刻。如：
Don’t be hard on him ---- he’s too young. 别对他太严了，他还小。
(2) (衣鞋等)容易磨破。如：
Children are very hard on their shoes. 小孩子穿鞋很容易破。
2. It’s hard (for sb) to do sth 做某事很难。如：
It’s hard to do the work. 做这工作很难。
It is hard for him to make up his mind. 他很难下定决心。
It’s hard to for us to know what he’s thinking. 我们很难知道他在想什么。
3. sth is hard to do 某事很难做。如：
The text is hard to understand. 这篇课文很难懂。
注：这类结构的主语通常就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，且此时该不定式用主动式而不用被动式。如：
误：The text is hard to be understood.
另外，有时可能用人作主语，但此时该主语仍然应是其后不定式的逻辑宾语。如：
He is hard to please. 很难讨他欢心。
hardly
1. hardly…before…
(1) 在……以前很少(几乎不)……。如：
He hardly ever goes to bed before midnight. 他很少在午夜前睡觉。
(2) 一……就……。如：
We had hardly arrived before we had to go back. 我们刚到就得回去。
注：表示此义常可与 hardly ……when 互换。
2. hardly…when… 一……就……。如：
I had hardly closed my eyes when the telephone rang. 我刚合上眼，电话铃就响了。
We had hardly started when it began to rain. 我们刚出发就下起雨来。
注：在该结构中，主句通常用过去完成时，从句通常用一般过去时。若需强调，可将 hardly 置于句首，但此时主句要用倒装语序。如：
Hardly had he begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。
harm
1. do sb (sth) harm / do harm to sb (sth) 对某人(某事物)有害。如：
Smoking does harm to your health. 吸烟对你的身体有害。
A few late nights never did anyone any harm. 熬几个晚上的夜对人绝无害处。
Such books do great harm to young people. / Such books do young people great harm. 那样的书对年青人危害很大。
2. (the) harm in doing sth 做某事的危害。如：
There’s no harm in trying. 不妨一试。
I see no harm in what I said. 我说的话并无害处。
What’s the harm in having a little fun? 开点玩笑有什么不好?
hate
1. hate to do [doing] sth 不喜欢做某事，讨厌做某事。如：
Our boss hates to be delayed [being delayed]. 我们老板对耽搁时间很反感。
Some people hate working [to work] in the early morning. 有些人不爱在清晨工作。
注：would hate 后通常要接不定式。如：
I’d hate to spend Christmas alone. 我不喜欢一个人过圣诞节。
2. hate sb (sth) to do [doing] sth 不喜欢(讨厌)某人做某事。如：
I hate women smoking [to smoke]. 我不喜欢女人抽烟。
She hates anyone listening when she’s telephone. 她讨厌别人听着她打电话。
注：would hate 后通常要接带不定式的复合结构。如：
I’d hate you to go. 我不愿你去。
3. I hate it when-clause 不喜欢(某事)……。如：
I hate it when people ask me for money. 我不喜欢别人向我要钱。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. 我不喜欢人们嘴里含着饭说话。
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