第六课时 数 词
一、基数词
基数词表示数量：
one/two/three/four/five/six/seven/eight/nine/ten/eleven/twelve/thirteen/fourteen/fifteen/sixteen
seventeen/eighteen/nineteen/twenty/thirty/forty
fifty/sixty/seventy/eighty/ninety/twenty-one
thirty-eight/fifty-three/a hundred/a thousand
a million/a billion
注意：表示具体数目的hundren, thousand, million等均不用复数，百位数和十位数之间通常加连词and；十位数与个位数之间要加连字符。
二、序数词
first/second/third/fourth/fifth/sixth/seventh
eighth/ninth/tenth/eleventh/twelfth/thirteenth
fourteenth/fifteenth/sixteenth/seventeenth
eighteenth/nineteenth/twentieth/thirtieth
fortieth/fiftieth/sixtieth/seventieth/eightieth
ninetieth/hundredth/twenty-first/ninety-ninty
a hundred and fifty-third
序数词的缩写形式：由阿拉伯数字后加上序数词的最后两个字母。
first---1st second --- 2nd tenth --- 10th
三、时间和年月日表示法
1、时间均用基数词表示：
1）顺读法，先说“点钟”，再说“分钟”，如：
2:15 two fifteen
6:20 six twenty
2）逆读法
30分钟以内：“分钟数+ past +钟点数”，如：
3:20 --- twenty past three
2:10 --- ten past two
半小时用 half，15分钟用 a quarter :
2:15 --- a quarter past two
3:30 --- half past three
30分钟以外要用：“分钟数+ to + 下一个钟点”，如：
4:35 --- twenty-five to five
2:55 --- five to three
2）年月日表示法
年份读法；月日读法；年月日一起读法。
四、分数的表示法
当分数中表示分子的数只含个位数时一般采用“分子（用基数词）+分母（用序数词）”表示。（分子大于1时，分母序数词用复数）如：
one-third; two-thirds;
three twenty-seconds
五、数词与名词的搭配
1）数词与名词连用时，它们的次序是“名词+基数词”
Lesson 15; Room 1506 或者用“the + 序数词 + 名词”
The Fifteenth Lesson the third floor
2）数词与小时的搭配
two hours and a half three hours
half an hour
第七课时 形容词
一、概述
形容词修饰名词，说明人或事物或特征。在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
The beautiful girl is Tom’s sister.（充当定语）
Three is nothing serious, is there?（充当定语，修饰不定代词的形容词及短语要放在不定代词之后）
The shoes in the shop were not very expensive.（作表语）
The old are looked after well.（有些形容词和定冠词the连用时，表示一类人或物，其谓语动词用复数形式）
二、形容词比较级及最高级的形式
1、绝大部分双音节形容词和单音节形容词的比较等级变化是规则变化。
情 况/变 化 形 式/举 例
①一般情况在词尾直接加-er ; -est：small - smaller - smallest
②以e结尾的词在词尾加 –r ; - st ：large - larger - largest
③以辅音字母+y结尾变y为i，加- er; -est：happy- happier- happiest
④以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾，而且是重读闭音节，将该辅音字母双写，再加-er ; -est：
fat – fatter – fattest
thin – thinner – thinnest
big – bigger – biggest
hot – hotter - hottest
2、部分双音节和多音节形容词比较级和最高级变化形式在多音节形容词前加more或most
beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful
useful – more useful – most useful
3、不规则形容词比较级和最高级形式：
good, well – better – best
bad, ill – worse – worst
many, much – more – most
little – less – least
far – farther, further – farthest, furthest
三、形容词的比较等级的用法
1、当A=B时，则用as（副）…as（介，连）…，中间用形容词或副词的原级。表示甲与乙在某方面一样
He is as tall as I (me)
2、A≠B，则用not as(so)…as… 表示甲与乙在某方面不一样。
He is not so tall as I
= He is shorter than I
=I’m taller than he
The boy isn’t as careful as that one
= This boy isn’t as careful than that one
3、比较级+than 形式
This lesson is more difficult than that one
She is fatter than Kate
4、the+最高级+(in of)短语
Miss Zhou is one of the most popular in our class
He is the oldest of the three
of 常与名词复数或表示数量的词连用。表示“在…之中”这一。in常与表示范围或场所的名词连用“在…范围之中”
四、形容词比较级特殊用法
1）more and more比较级连用表示“越来越……”
In spring the weather gets warmer and warmer.
He is getting busier and busier.
2）The more … the more 越…就越…
The larger the bus is , the more people it can carry.
The farther away an object is from us, the smaller it looks.
3）比较级形式表达最高级：
比较级+than any other+名词单数；
比较级+than the other+名词复数
He is clever than any other boy
---- He is the clevest of all the boys
---- He is clever than the other boys
4、修饰比较级的副词有much, even , quite , a little, a lot等表示“得多”“甚至”，表示程度。
第八课时 副 词
一、概述
副词是用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词的词，表示动作的特征、状态的特征或某种性质的程度。
二、副词的分类
时间副词、地点副词、方式副词、疑问副词及程度副词。
1、时间副词：时间副词表达的内涵包括回答“什么时候”或“经常与否”
A: how, then, yesterday, last time, today, just now, later on, so far, ago;
B: always, often, usually, sometimes, never, hardly, ever;
C: already, yet, late, early, soon, at once, at last, finally, at first, since;
2、地点副词：表示地点或位置关系的副词。
A: here, there, home, anywhere, everywhere;
B: above, below, down, up, out, in, across, back, over, round, away, near;
注：B类中表示位置的副词有时也可作介词。
如：come in, please----- They live in the next room.
3、方式副词：badly, carefully ,politely, sadly, suddenly, happily. well, fast, high, hard.
4、 程度副词：常见的有: much, a little, a bit, very, even, so, too, enough, quite, rather, completely, terribly, nearly, hardly, not at all。这些副词多用来修饰形容词、副词或动词以加强语气。
5、 疑问副词：是用来引导一个特殊问句，有时用来引导时间状语从句或宾语从句。
疑问副词有：how, when, where, why, who
6、部分副词的用法：
1）too, either, also都是表示“也”。
too和either都用于句末，too用于肯定句中，either用于否定句及一般疑问句中，also放在句子中，BE动词前，实义动词后。
2）so, neither都可以用在倒装句的开头。
so接在肯定句后表示“也一样”，句式：so+助动词+主语；
neither接在一个否定句后面表示“也不，没…….”
句式：neither+助动词+主语
I have read the book, so has he.
Jim didn’t win the game, neither did Tom.
3）already, yet
already 和yet通常用于现在完成时中，already用于肯定句，yet用于否定句和疑问句中。
He has already finished his homework.
Jim hasn’t come back yet.
7、副词的比较等级
副词和形容词一样，也有比较级和最高级，其变化形式与形容词的比较比较级和最高级一样。
第九课时 介 词
一、知识概述
介词是一种虚词，一般在句子中不重读，也不能单独充当句子成分，但与它的介词宾语一起构成介词短语，就可以在句子中作状语、定语和表语。
介词又称前置词，一般位于名词或代词的前面，表示该词与句子其他成分的关系。在学习介词时，最重要的是掌握介词的用法，动介词组的搭配，时间介词、方位介词、方向介词、位置介词、成语介词以及动向介词和静向介词的比较和区别。
二、介词的定义及句法功能
介词是一种虚词，在句中不单独作任何句子成分，只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。介词后的名词，或相当于名词的其他词组、短语或从句，称为介词宾语。介词和介词宾语一起构成介词短语。介词短语在句中主要用作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。
The boy over there is my brother.（作定语）
A friend in need is a friend indeed.（作定语）
I shall meet you at the entrance of Qianmen Hotel.（作地点状语）
To their surprise, they saw not locusts, but seagulls.（作原因状语）
I’ll be in the office every afternoon.（作表语）
He isn’t at home（作表语）
The farmer made the king out of the water.（作宾语补足语）
I found everything in good order（作宾语补足语）
三、介词与其他词类的固定搭配。
介词和动词、形容词、名词等常构成固定搭配。也就是说，在这些词的后面，常常要求用一定的介词。
1、形容词与介词的固定搭配
有些形容词后面要求用固定的介词，这类介词常见的有：
about, at, for, from, in, of, to, with
（1） 形容词+about
careful abouthopeful aboutsure about
He is careless about his clothes
（2）形容词 +at
good atsurprised atangry at
（3）形容词 + for
famous forready forsorry for
I’m terrible sorry for telling him the truth.
（4）形容词 + from
different fromsafe from
He was absent from class this morning
My sister is different from me in many ways.
（5）形容词 + in
interested insuccessful in
He is interested in making model ships.
2、名词与介词的固定搭配
（1） 名词 + for
He made up an excuse for being late.
Did you find the cause for your failure?
（2） 名词 + in
He has some difficulty in translating the book
She has made great progress in English.
（3） 名词 + of
She found another way of solving the problem
He forms a bad habit of getting up late
（4） 名词 + on
There have been several attacks on foreigners recently.
Have pity on me!
（5） 名词 + with
I wanted to have a talk with you
He is always getting into trouble with the police