1.abandon vt. go away from( a person or thing or place) not intending to return; desert , give up放弃，抛弃
词组 abandon one’s home 离弃家园 abandon one’s wife 遗弃妻子
an abandoned baby被抛弃的孩子
The child was found abandoned on the street.
abandon oneself to 沉溺于
abandon one’s research for lack of fund 由于缺乏资金放弃研究
abandoned adj.被遗弃的,自我放任的；无约束的
abandonment n.放弃，遗弃；放任，放纵
2.ability n. capacity or power to do sth physical or mental 能力
词组 to the best of one’s ability 尽自己最大努力
have the ability to do sth；have the ability in doing something;
例句 I believe your ability to bring out the best in others.
我相信你有充分发挥别人潜力的能力
able adj. having knowledge or skill; capable 有能力的， 能干的 反义词：unable
词组 someone be able to do sth.
someone be capable of (doing)sth. 有能力做某事
BUT： something enable someone to do something
The money donated by people all over the world enables us to rebuild the quake-striken areas.
辨析 able capable
两个都指“有才能的”， able所指的意义，高过capable 一级;
如 an able man 能应付各种事情的人（指非常的），而a capable man 能应付自如的人（指寻常的）；capable也可以用于贬义，表示此人什么事都干得出来。
3.aboard adv. prep. on or into a ship, an aircraft, a train or a bus 在船（或飞机，车）上；上船，登机, 在船（或飞机，车）上
词组 go aboard 上船（飞机） all aboard!请上飞机（登船，上车）
welcome aboard请上船（飞机）
4.abroad live/ travel abroad / come from abroad
at home and abroad / from home and abroad
5.about prep. on the subject of (sb/sth); concerning or regarding关于； around在周围；在各处；大约 adv. (indicating position, state, etc) here and there in (a place) 各处，周围
词组 be about to do sth. 刚要；正准备:
例句 He was about to leave when it began to rain.
How about doing something…?
What about doing something…? 关于…怎么样？
How about going to watch a football game? 去看足球赛怎么样？
辨析 be to do be going to do be about to do
be to do 表示计划或安排要做的事
be going to do 表示打算要做但还没有安排好何时做的事；客观情况下即将发
生的动作。
be about to do 表示某时突然想要做某事,不与时间状语相连用；或表示过去刚要做某事时这时另一件事发生了,这时常与when从句连用
例句 We are going to visit our former English teacher this winter holiday.
这个寒假我们打算去看看我们以前的英语老师。
The dark clouds are gathering. It’s going to rain. 乌云在聚集，天要下雨了。
We are to visit our English teacher on Feb 5th.
二月五日我们去看看我们的英语老师。
I was about to leave home when the doorbell rang. 我刚要出门，这时门铃响了。
Be not about to+v.不打算 She is not about to get married. 她不打算结婚
6.above prep. higher than something 在…上面；高于；超过 反义词：below
adv. 在上面
词组 above all 最重要的是 above average 超过平均水平
As is mentioned above如上所述／as is indicated above 如上所示
high above the sky;
7.absent adj. not present 缺席,心不在焉 反义词 present
v. fml to keep oneself away （正式）缺席，不在
词组 be absent from缺席 be present at 出席
be absent in 在某地（不在说话人的地方
absent-minded 心不在焉的 absent expression 茫然的表情
She is absent in Beijing. 她出差了，人在北京
in the absence of = in one’s absence 有谁不在场
in the presence of = in one’s presence 有谁在场