Vicki: Jennifer, have you ever traveled to somewhere alone?
Jennifer: Yes, I’ve been to Spain and Portugal by myself before.
Vicki: How brave you are! It’s very dangerous for a girl to travel alone.
Jennifer: You are right. After I met a black people at night in Paris, I dare not go out alone at night anymore. I went back to the hotel before 7:00 p.m every day when I was in Spain and Portugal.
Vicki: You are still so brave. I don’t dare to go abroad by myself at all.
Molly:老师,我注意到Jennifer和Vicki用到了“dare”的两种否定形式来表达自己“不敢做某事”。
I dare not go out alone at night.
I don’t dare to go abroad by myself at all.
是不是有人用错了呢?
Teacher:没错哦,这就是我们今天要讲的“dare的用法”。(dare的用法)
dare的意思是“敢于”,它既可以作实义动词又可以作情态动词。
1.用作实义动词时,有人称和数的变化,可用于肯定句、否定句、疑问句和各类从句中。在肯定句中,dare后常接不定式to do,在否定句中,to可以省略。它的否定句形式需借助助动词don’t/doesn’t/didn’t。
如对话中的:I don’t dare (to) go abroad by myself at all.
我根本就不敢独自出国。
句中的to可以省略。
再如:
We dare to think, speak and act.
我们敢想、敢说、敢做。
I wonder how he dared to say such things.
我纳闷他怎么竟敢说出这样的话来。
2.用作情态动词时,后接动词原形,主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中,没有人称和数的变化,过去式是dared,否定句形式是在其后直接加not。
如对话中的:I dare not go out alone at night anymore.
我晚上再也不敢独自出门。
How dare you?
你怎么敢?
再比如:
I don’t know whether he dare try.
我不知道他是否敢试一试。
Molly:我明白啦!
Teacher:虽然dare作为情态动词时不用于肯定句中,但“I dare say”是个例外,它是个习惯说法,表示一种不肯定的语气,常译为“很可能”,“大概”,“我想”等,不一定要译为“我敢说”。Molly,你能举个例子吗?
Molly:I dare say that you are right.
我想你是对的。
Teacher:Good!现在你明白dare的这两种否定形式了吗?
I dare not go out alone at night.
I don’t dare to go abroad by myself at all.
Molly:我明白啦。第一个句子中的dare 是情态动词用法,否定句形式是在其后直接加not;第二个句子中dare是实义动词用法,需借助助动词do变成否定形式。
Teacher:Well done!Books and friends should be few but good.读书如交友,应求少而精。阅读固然重要,但更要注重阅读的质量哦。