一、without虚拟语气的三种时态例句?
without虚拟语气的三种时态结构:
1:现在时态
would(should could might) +动词原形 例如:
I wouldn't buy the villa without money.
没钱我不买别墅。
2:将来时态
would (couldmight should)+ 动词原形
I couldn't finish the task ahead of time without your help.
没有你的帮助,我不能提前完成任务。
3: 过去时态
would( could should might) + have+过去分词
They might have been lost in the forest without the composs.
要是没有指南针,他们可能在森林里迷了路。
二、without引导的含蓄虚拟条件句?
①
意思是'要是没有……,如果没有……',主句常用would do或would have done 形式。
例如,要是没有太阳的辐射热,地球将会是一个冰冻的球体。
The earth would be a frozen ball without the radiant heat of the sun.
要是没有那个合同,我们就完蛋了。
Without that contract, we would be done for.
②
without可用于引导虚拟语气
如:
Confidence keeps as important as sunshine, without which all creatures would not survive.
which指代sunshine,没有阳光,所有生物都将无法存活。“没有阳光”,这是一种虚拟,所以用would,而不用will.
without 的虚拟语气,属于含蓄条件句的虚拟。without部分相当于条件状语从句的从句部分,主句部分根据题中要求的时间进行虚拟。
比如:
Without your help, we would not have finished the work. 没有你的帮助,我们就不能完成工作。
without 相当于“如果没有你的帮助”的意思,是从句部分。后半句“我们就不能完成工作”是主句部分,根据句意,这一定是发生过的事情,事后A在和B说的话,所以主句对过去进行虚拟。
介词 without 可用于表示条件,引出虚拟语气,与 but for 大致同义。
I’d be lost without you here. 没有你在这儿,我会一筹莫展。
Without me to supplement your income, you wouldn’t be able to manage. 如果没有我贴补你,你会无法维持。
③
举例如下:I would not have succeeded without your help.
三、without虚拟语气用法?
I was without anyone to look after my child. 没有人替我照看孩子。
The letter had been posted without a stamp. 那封信没贴邮票就寄出去了
without不构成任何虚拟语气的成分,也就是说without没有虚拟语气用法。
四、without的虚拟语气用法?
1、 表示否定,其意为“没有”“无”“不需”。如:
He went out without his umbrella. 他外出没有带伞。
The letter had been posted without a stamp. 那封信没贴邮票就寄出去了。
若用于否定词no, not, never等之后,则表示肯定,其意为“没有……不”“没有……则不能”“每……必定”。如:
There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪。
Don’t go out without a coat on. 不要没穿外衣就出去。
They never meet without quarrelling. 他们一见面就争吵。
What he has said is not without reason. 他说的话不是没有道理。
2、 其后除可接名词或代词外,也可接动名词。如:
He walked past me without speaking. 他从我身旁走过,一句话也没说。
He left without paying his bill. 他没有付账就走了。
It is strange that he should have gone away without telling us. 真奇怪,他没有告诉我们一声就走了。
3、 有时表示条件,意为“若无”“若非”。如:
Without water, we cannot live. 没有水,我们就活不了。
Can you see without your glasses? 你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗?
这样用时,有时还可引出虚拟语气,相当于 but for。如:
Without your advice I would have failed. 假若没有你的劝告,我想必已失败了。
I never could have done it without your help. 如果没有你的帮助我永远也不会完成这事。
4、 后接两个并列成分时,既可用and也可用or,即without A and B与with
五、without引导的虚拟条件句?
在英语中,除了if引导的虚拟语气外,某些介词也可以引导虚拟语气,如:without……
Tom would not be able to live without his parents.
People would not be able to live without air or water.