非谓语动词历年考点
非谓语动词的种类和基本用法
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，是各地高考试题测试的重点和热点语法项目之一。
综观历届高考试题可以发现，命题者对非谓语动词的以下十大考点非常青睐。
一、考查非谓语动词作主语
能作主语的非谓语动词有不定式和动名词。
两者的区别是：表示某一具体的动作时，多用不定式；表示比较抽象的一般的行为倾向时，多用动名词。当动名词或不定式短语较长时，常用it作形式主语放在句首而把动名词或不定式短语放于句末。例如：
Looking after the children is her job. 照看孩子是她的工作。
It is my duty to serve the people. 为人民服务是我的责任。
注意：但在It's no use / good/ useless 等之后要用动名词作真正的主语，it是作形式主语。例如：
It's no use talking with him. 和他说没有用。
【课堂精练】
【考例】 ____(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.（2015安徽卷改编）
【考例】 It's standard practice for a company like this one ______(employ)a security officer.（2014山东卷改）
二、考查非谓语动词作宾语
不定式和动名词都可作动词或介词的宾语。
1. 有些动词后只跟不定式作宾语，如：want, wish, hope, manage, demand,determine, promise, refuse, pretend, plan, offer, decide, agree, expect等。例如：
She pretended to understand his words.
【考例】 I can't stand _______(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ______(stop) talking while she works.（2006北京卷改编）
2. 有些动词后只跟动名词作宾语，如：admit, allow, appreciate, avoid, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, keep, mind, miss, practice, resist, risk, suggest, deny, stand等。例如：
I suggested going to the exhibition next weekend.
【考例】 It's quite hot today. Do you feel like _________ （go）for a swim?（2014陕西卷改编）
3. 有些动词后既可以跟不定式又可以跟动名词作宾语，意义上无多大区别，如：love, like, hate, start,begin, continue等。 例如：
I begin to read／reading the book this morning.
4. 有些动词后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟动名词作宾语，但意义上有区别。
如：forget, remember, mean, regret, try,stop等。例如：
I remember turning off the lights when I went out of the lab. 我记得当我走出实验室时关了灯。（remember接动名词turning，表示"灯已经关了，现在还记得清楚"）
I remember to see your parents tomorrow. 我记得明天去看望你们的父母亲。（remember接不定式to see，表示"看望"这个动作现在还没有发生，但现在还记得要去做这个动作）
【课堂精练】
【考例】 — Robert is indeed a wise man.
— Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ____ his advice!（2007安徽卷）
A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking
【考例】 I still remember ____ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.（2009陕西卷）
A. to take B. to be taken C. taking D. being taken
【考例】 If you think that treating a woman well means always ____(get) her permission for things, think again.（2006湖南卷改编）
5. 介词后可接动名词或不定式作宾语。
1）一般说来，在介词等后面接动词时用动名词，
2）但在but，except（作介词，意思是"除……外"）接动词时，要用不定式（有时带to，有时不带to，取决于前面是否有实义动词do）。例如：
My sister is good at playing the piano. 我妹妹擅长弹钢琴。
She had nothing to do but stay at home. 她没有事情要做，只有待在家里。（but前面有实义动词do，but后面的不定式stay省去to，简单记作"有do省to"）。
I have no choice but to ask the teacher for help. 我别无选择，只有请老师帮忙。（but前面没有实义动词do，but后面的不定式ask就要带上to，简单记作"无do留to"）
3）注意：特例
cannot choose but do… can't but do…. Can't help but do… 意思都是：不得不做….
【课堂精练】
【考例】 When it comes to ____（speak） in public, no one can match him.（2014江西卷改）
【考例】If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but _________(meet)an even greater challenge. (2012陕西卷改编）
【考例】 Isn't it time you got down to ____ the papers?（2006重庆卷）
A. mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking
【考例】 Sandy could not do anything but _______(admit) to his teacher that he was wrong.（2001上海卷改）
三、考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语和主语补足语
能作宾语补足语和主语补足语的非谓语动词有不定式、现在分词、过去分词，用哪种非谓语动词形式往往取决于前面动词的句型和不同的非谓语动词所表示的意义。
1. 能接带to的不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, force, get, allow, want, wish, like, hate, prefer, intend, expect, encourage, advise, persuade, permit, request, order, warn, cause等，表示宾语或主语执行不定式的动作（具有"主动"的意义），而且不定式的动作多发生在句子谓语动词动作之后（具有"将来"的意义）。例如：
The teacher didn't allow the students to go swimming in the lake.
The visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.
【课堂精练】
【考例】 Passengers are permitted _______(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.（2011天津卷改）
All of the students are expected________(attend) the meeting on time tomorrow. (原创题目）
2. 使役动词、感官动词能接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语和带to的不定式作主语补足语。常见的使役动词有make, let, have等；感官动词有see, hear, watch, observe, notice, feel以及look at, listen to等。例如：
The naughty boy often made his little sister cry but today he was made to cry by his little sister.
【课堂精练】
【考例】 Let those in need ______ （understand）that we will go all out to help them.（2013陕西卷改）
【考例】 The director had her assistant ______(pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting.（2008全国卷II）
The missing boy was seen_________(enter) the house last.(原创）
3. 不定式和分词作宾语补足语或主语补足语表达的意义不同。接不定式时，表示经常性的动作或指动作发生的全过程；接现在分词时，表示动作正在发生或进行，或正要做分词表示的动作；接过去分词时，表示宾语或主语承受了过去分词表示的动作。例如：
区别：See sb. / sth. doing /do/ done….
She looked at the dog jump over the fence. 她看见狗跳过篱笆。
The man was seen climbing into the shop. 有人看见那男人正要爬进商店。
Last night I heard a song sung in English. 昨天晚上，我听见有人用英语唱了一首歌。
【课堂精练】
【考例】 Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it ____ live is quite another.（2015浙江卷）
A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed
【考例】 The manager was satisfied to see many new products ______( develop）after great effort.（2014四川卷改编）
【考例】 I looked up and noticed a snake ____（wind） its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.（2012四川卷）
【考例】 Listen! Do you hear someone ____（call） for help? （2010湖南卷）
★四 五种非谓语动词做定语
（一）形式及各自的用法特点
1 doing 表示被修饰词与非谓语动词之间是主动关系或者非谓语动词动作正在进行。
Eg: The baby sleeping on the bed is lovely.
2 done 表示被修饰词与非谓语动词之间是被动关系或者是非谓语动词动作已经完成。
Eg:The poem written by Xu Zhimo is popular with many Chinese.
3 being done 表示被修饰词与非谓语动词动作是"正在被……"的关系。
Eg: The building being built is my house.
4 to do 表示被修饰词与非谓语动词之间是将来要发生且主动关系。
Eg: The years to follow is very precious for us.
I want to have a pen to write with.
注意：to do 作定语有主动形式表示被动意思的特例：
(A)sb. have sth. to do
(B)There be sth. to do
(C) something to eat/drink
5 to be done表示被修饰词与非谓语动词之间是将来时间的被动关系。
Eg: We are looking forward to the party to be held next Sunday.
★★（二）．考点解题技巧：怎样选择合适的非谓语动词形式作定语
1. 分析被修饰的词（即非谓语动词的逻辑主语）与非谓语动词动作之间的关系，分析逻辑主语与非谓语动词是主动还是被动关系，
如果是主动关系，考虑选用doing或者 to do 形式; 如果被动关系，考虑选用done, being done, to be done形式。
2. 分析被修饰词（逻辑主语）与非谓语动词动词的时间关系，判断这两者是正在进行，是已经完成还是将来发生的关系。动作正在进行，选用doing, being done；动作是已经完成，选用done; 动作是将要做或将要被做，选用to do,或 to be done形式。
主被动关系结合时间关系，就能确定最后的做定语的形式了。
解题技巧实战演练：
请用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1 But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter________(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.（2016年全国卷一）
2 There are still problems_________(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.(2014年北京卷)
3. There is a note pinned to the door_____(say) when the shop will open again.(2014年山东卷)
4 The boy ___________(punish) by his teacher now is very naughty in his class.
【课堂精练】
1.A study of travelers__________(conduct) by the website Trip Adviser names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.(2015年全国卷一语法填空)
2.For 25 days , she never left her baby, not even to find something ________(eat).(2016年四川卷)
3Today ,there are more airplanes_______(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.(2014年大纲卷)
4 The key to doing the work is to figure out the possible effect of water pollution on the villagers in the years ______.（come）
5 We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision __________(make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.（2012重庆卷）
6 I have a lot of readings ________(complete) before the end of this term.（2010山东卷）
7 The park was full of people _______(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.（2015北京卷）
8After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _________( provide)（2012山东卷）
五 非谓语动词做状语
（一）不定式做状语表示目的或者结果或原因
1表示目的
Eg. I came to see you.
In order to catch the train, I get up early.
2 表示结果（一般指出乎意料的结果）
He hurried to the station, only to be told the train had left.
3表示原因
I am glad /sorry/ excited angry to …
（二）分词作状语
分词做状语，其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致，分词做状语有以下几种形式：
doing 句子主语与非谓语动词是主动关系，或者非谓语动词与句子谓语动词动作同时或几乎同时发生。
having done 句子的主语与非谓语动词是主动关系，且非谓语动词先于谓语动作发生。
done 句子主语与非谓语动词是被动关系，或者表示已完成。
being done 句子的主语与非谓语动词是被动关系，且非谓语动词表示与谓语动词动作同时发生。
having been done 句子主语与非谓语动词是被动关系，且非谓语动词先于谓语动作发生。
分词做状语可表示时间，原因，结果，条件，让步，方式，伴随等。
【课堂精练】
1._________(see)from the top of the mountain, we can see the whole town.
2._________(see)from the top of the mountain, the whole town can be seen.
3.___________________(realize) he was wrong, the boy apologized to his parents.
4.__________________(build)at the moment, the house can't be used.
5._______________(water) yesterday, the flowers are full of life now.
6. _______(free) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions, we each need deep thought and inner quietness.（2015湖南卷改编）
7____(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.（2015重庆卷改编）
8 _________(spend) nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel.（2014江西卷改编）
9 George returned after the war, only ___________(tell) that his wife had left him.（2012山东卷改编）
（3） 独立成分做状语（非谓语动词的形式不受句子的主语和成分的影响，只用它们原本固定的形式）
1） Generally/honestly/frankly speaking, 大体上来说，老实说，坦率地说，
2） judging from/by, 根据....来判断
3） considering…, 考虑到....../ 鉴于.....
4） compared to /with…, 与.....相比
5） Provided/providing/suppose/supposing that…, 如果
6） allowing for…, 考虑到
7） to tell you the truth,实话跟你说
【课堂精练】
______________(考虑到) your health, you'd better have a good rest.
_________(judge) from her dress, she may not be a teacher.
六、考查非谓语动词作表语
分词作表语时，看分词与主语的关系。若是主谓关系，用现在分词；若是被动关系，用过去分词。另外，要注意一组使动词:amuse, bore, disappoint, excite, fascinate, freeze, frighten, horrify, inspire, interest, move, surprise, touch等的用法。其同根形容词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。现在分词表示主语所具有的特征，意思是"令人……的"；过去分词表示主语所处的状态，意思是"（某人）感到……的"。例如：如exciting/excited amazing/amazed surprising/surprised
The speech that he made last week proves exciting. 他上周做的报告证明是令人鼓舞的。
The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。
【课堂精练】
【考例】 In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained ____ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. （2010福建卷）
A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck
【考例】 Tom sounds very much ____ in the job, but I'm not sure whether he can manage it.（2006安徽卷）
A. interested B. interesting C. interestingly D. interestedly
七、考查"连词+分词"的省略用法
分词短语常常可以用在某些状语从句连词如since, when, while, whenever, no matter how, once, until, if 等之后，也可以看作状语从句中的省略现象。例如：
1.When first introduced to the market, these products enjoyed great success.（状语从句中省略了they were）【课堂精练】
1.Video games can be a poor influence if ________(leave) in the wrong hands.（2015湖南卷改）
2. Children, when _______（accompany） by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.（2014湖南卷）
3. When _______(ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.（2012安徽卷）
八、考查独立主格结构
独立主格结构，又称为独立结构。在形式上与主句没有任何关系，但是在意思上却与主句密切联系在一起，共同构筑成一个完整的语义环境。独立主格结构只有逻辑上的主语，没有主语和谓语，所以在句法上不是句子，而是一个独立于句子成分之外的特殊结构。
独立主格结构分为四类：1. 独立分词结构；2. 独立不定式结构；3. 独立无动词结构；4. with复合结构。高考常测试的是独立分词结构和with复合结构。例如：
Cell phones being very small, we can use them conveniently.
Nobody to help us tomorrow, we can't finish our task ahead of time.
He has visited many countries, most of them in Europe.
With a guide leading the way, they had no difficulty finding the hot spring.
【课堂精练】
1. Much time _________(spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.（2015江苏卷改）
2. The lecture ____（give）, a lively question-and-answer session followed. （2014江苏卷）
3. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ____ at the end of last March. （2007山东卷）
A. has been launched B. having been launched C. being launched D. to be launched
4..John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______(finish), he gladly accepted it.（2007安徽卷）
九、考查根据分词选择其逻辑主语
同学们对于如何根据逻辑主语去选择相应的分词都已经驾轻就熟，但是高考试题有时候却反弹琵琶，先给出作状语的分词短语，而让考生去选择含有其逻辑主语的句子。
【考例】 Faced with a bill for $10,000, ____.（2006陕西卷）
A. an extra job has been given to John B. the boss has given John an extra job
C. an extra job has been taken D. John has taken an extra job
十、考查非谓语动词的特殊结构与句式
1. 特殊疑问词+不定式结构
【考例】 It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ____.（2002全国卷）
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
2. It is no use / good doing句式
【考例】 Eugene's never willing to change any of his opinions. It's no use ____ with him.（2006上海卷）
A. to argue B. arguing C. argued D. having argued
3. sb./sth.+ be said/reported/believed... + to do... 结构
【考例】 He is thought ____ foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.（2014江西卷）
A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted
【考例】 Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ____ since the flood hit the area last Friday.（2006山东卷）
A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost
4. 平行结构中的非谓语动词
【考例】 One learns a language by making mistakes and ____ them.（2012北京卷）
A. corrects B. correct C. to correct D. correcting
【课后练习】
一．用括号中动词的适当形式填空
1. The ____(fall) leaves in the wind are like butterflies. So beautiful.
2. The ____(fall) leaves on the ground are rottig.
3. The grass______(grow) on the mountain is changing yellow in autumn.
4. The vegetables______(grow) by the farmers taste more delicious.
5. The adobe dwellings（土坯房）______ (build) by the Puebol Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.(2015年全国卷2)
6. The food ________(cook) at the moment is for the dinner party.
7. We are invited to a party ________(hold) in our club next Friday.(2009年山东卷)
8. the key to doing the work is to figure out the possible effect of water pollution on the villagers in the years ________(come)
9. _____________(finish) all my letters, I had a drink and went out.
10. ___________(ask) where she was then by the police, the woman couldn't say a word.
11. __________(write) carelessly, your composition is full of mistakes.
12. ______________(fail) many times, the young scientist still kept on making his experiments.
13. ________(get)full marks, the boy worked hard at his study into deep night.
14. . He suddenly appeared in class one day， (wear) sun glasses.
15. One morning，I was waiting at the bus stop，worried about (be) lat
e for school.
16. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused (stop) until we reached the next stop.
17. Still，the boy kept (ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.
18. We got a little (sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that
we didn't mind.
19. My older brother and I are busy
(arrange) a trip to Africa.[来源:]
20. Qu was a minister of the State of Chu (situate) in present－day Hunan and Hubei Provinces，during the Warring States Period(战国时期).
21. Last weekend as I was riding in the bike lane alongside the truck，we reached a crossing and it turned to the right， (hit) me and my bicycle.
22. After luckily (succeed) in the national college entrance examination，I realized my dream again：after graduation，I became a citizen working in a city.
23. Most of the fish there was (freeze)，but we had not much trouble finding some fresh fish at the other part of the market.
二.高考真题分类训练
考点1非谓语动词作定语
1（2017天津，10）I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train________(catch).
2.(2017年北京，32) Jim has retired,but he still remember the happy time _______（spend）with his students.
3.［2016•乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］...（when） I was the first Western TV reporter ____ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
4.［2016•四川］For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something ____ (eat)!
5.［2015•新课标全国Ⅰ］Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it (regularly) (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people ____ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
6.［2015•新课标全国Ⅱ］The adobe dwellings (土坯房)____ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by...
7.［2015•北京］The park was full of people,____ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
8.［2014•大纲］Today there are more airplanes ____（carry）more people than ever before in the skies.
9.［2014•浙江］Amie Salmon,disabled,is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ____ (appoint) to guard her.
10. ［2014•重庆］The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ____ (return) to our shop for quality problems.
11.［2013•陕西］The witnesses ____ (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
12.［2013•湖南］You cannot accept an opinion____ (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.
13.［2013•天津］In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ____ (use) in daily conversations.
14.［2013•北京］Volunteering gives you a chance ____ (change) lives, including your own.
15.［2013•四川］The airport ____ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
16.［2013•辽宁］Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail ____ (wait) for her.
17.［2013•新课标全国Ⅰ］They might just have a place ____ (leave) on the writing course — why don't you give it a try?
18.［2012•北京］Birds' singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ____ (stay) away.
19.［2012•重庆］We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ____ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
考点2非谓语动词作状语
20.（2018北京，6）During the Mid-Autumn Festival ,family members often gather together______(share) a meal,admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
21.(2018 北京，10)Ordinary soap,_________(use) correctly ,can deal with bacteria effectively.
22. (2018 江苏，26)Around 13500 new jobs were created during the period, ________(exceed)the expected number of 12000 held by market analysis.
23.(2017 北京，27)Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______(save) their valuable time.
24.(2017天津，14) The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _______(allow) more patients to be treated.
25.(2017江苏，21)Many Chinese brands , _______(develop)their reputations over centuries ,are facing new challenges from the moderen market.
26.［2016•丙卷(全国Ⅲ)］People probably cooked their food in large pots, ____ (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.
27.［2016•天津］The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, ____（make）air conditioning unnecessary.
28.［2016•北京］ ____（make）it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.
29.［2016•北京］ ____(order)over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
30.［2016•北京］Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ____ (turn) the old town into a dreamland.
31.［2015•北京］____ (catch) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
32.［2015•江苏］Much time ____ (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
33.［2015•福建］____ (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
34.［2015•福建］In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared,____ (combine)the sense of "information" and "atmosphere".
35.［2015•湖南］When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ____ (wonder)whether to stay or leave.
36.［2015•天津］_____ (work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
37.［2015•湖南］Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ____ (talk)over what is bothering them.
38.［2015•重庆］____ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
39.［2015•重庆］Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way ____ (use) the sun and the stars.
40.［2014•湖南］Children, when ____（accompany） by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
41.［2014•重庆］Group activities will be organized after class ____（help）children develop team spirit.
42.［2014•山东］There's a note pinned to the door ____（say） when the shop will open again.
43.［2014•陕西］____ (work) out the difficult maths problem,I have consulted Professor Russell several times.
44.［2014•四川］—I hope to take the computer course．
—Good idea．____ (find) out more about it, visit this website．
45.［2013•湖南］____ (stay) warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
46.［2013•新课标全国Ⅰ］The sunlight is white and blinding, ____ (throw) hard-edged shadows on the ground.
47.［2013•新课标全国Ⅱ］I got to the office earlier that day,____ (catch) the 7:30 train from Paddington.
48.［2013•安徽］____ (found) in the early 20th century,the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.
49.［2013•重庆］When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ____(tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
50.［2013•江苏］Lionel Messi, ____ (set) the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.
51.［2013•山东］____ (eat) at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again.
52.［2012•全国Ⅱ］The old man sat in front of the television every evening, happy ____ (watch) anything that happened to be on.
53.［2012•山东］George returned after the war,only ____ (tell) that his wife had left him.
考点3 非谓语动词做主语补足语和宾语补足语
54.（2018天津，7）I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph ________(take).
55.［2012•辽宁］This machine is very easy ____ (operate).Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
56.［2015•陕西］Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ____ (take) good care of at home.
57.［2014•四川］The manager was satisfied to see many new products ____ （develop） after great effort．
58.［2013•陕西］Let those in need ____ (understand) that we will go all out to help them.
59.［2013•北京］When we saw the road ____ (block) with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.
60.［2012•四川］I looked up and noticed a snake ____ (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
61.［2012•四川］Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____ (wash).
62.［2012•江西］Having finished her project, she was invited by the school ____ (speak) to the new students.
63.［2012•辽宁］The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ____ (follow) them.
考点4非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
64.(2018 天津，8) It took him a long time _______(acquire) the skills he needed o become a good dancer.
65.(2018北京，3)___________(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.
66.［2016•乙卷（全国Ⅰ）］My ambassadorial duties will include ____ (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
67.［2015•新课标全国Ⅱ］In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their (ability) (able) to "air condition" a house without ____ (use) electric equipment.
68.［2015•安徽］____ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
69.［2014•湖南］ ____（understand）your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
70.［2014•福建］For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in staying ____（connect）.
71.［2014•山东］It's standard practice for a company like this one ____（employ） a security officer.
72.［2014•江西］When it comes to ____ (speak) in public, no one can match him.
73.［2014•陕西］It's quite hot today. Do you feel like ____ (go) for a swim?
74.［2013•福建］____ (know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
75.［2013•浙江］____ (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
76.［2013•江苏］Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ____ (reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look.
77.［2012•安徽］I remembered ____ (lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
78.［2012•陕西］If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but ____ (meet) an even greater challenge.
79.［2012•湖南］We've had a good start,but next,more work needs ____ (do) to achieve the final success.
80.［2012•北京］One learns a language by making mistakes and ____ (correct) them.
81.［2016•甲卷（全国Ⅱ）改错］We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.
82.［2016•丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错］I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
83.［2015•新课标全国Ⅱ改错］After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found his parents were missing.
非谓语动词 答案
考点1非谓语动词作定语
1.to catch 2.spent 3.permitted 分析句子结构可知，permit与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系，故填过去分词permitted作后置定语，相当于that/who was permitted。
4.to eat 考查不定式。根据句子结构可知，此处用动词不定式作定语修饰不定代词something。
5.living 考查非谓语动词。空处与people之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。
6.built 考查过去分词短语作定语。 本句主语是The adobe dwellings，谓语是are admired，因此空白处不需要谓语动词，应用过去分词短语作定语表示一个被动的、已完成的动作。
7.enjoying 句意：公园里有很多人，他们在阳光下玩得很开心。分析句子结构可知，themselves in the sunshine作people的定语，people和enjoy为逻辑上的主谓关系，需要用主动形式，故用enjoying，相当于who enjoyed。
8.carrying 分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作定语修饰airplanes,且carry为airplanes主动发出的动作，故应用动词-ing形式carrying。
9.appointed 句意：身残的Amie Salmon，在学校由一个指定守护她的护士照料着。appoint与nurse之间是动宾关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。
10..returned cameras与return之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以要用被动形式；过去分词作定语修饰中心词the cameras。
11.questioned 句意：刚才被警察询问的目击者们对这次打架给出了完全不同的描述。由于The witnesses和question之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，同时在句中有表示过去的时间状语just now，故要用过去分词作后置定语表示被动和完成。
12.offered 句意：你不能接受（别人）给你提的意见，除非该意见是基于事实的。 to you为后置定语,修饰名词opinion，动词offer与该名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
13.used 分析句子成分可知，use和words之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用used作后置定语。
14.to change 句意：志愿者活动给你一次改变人生的机会，包括你自己的（人生）。此处是不定式短语作后置定语。
15.to be completed 句意：明年将竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区的旅游业。空处表示将要发生的动作，且complete与The airport之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用不定式的被动式作后置定语。
16.waiting 分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词形式。mail与wait为主谓关系，且此处表示状态，故用现在分词形式。
17.left 句意：也许他们的写作课正好有一个空位——你为什么不试试呢？leave与a place之间为动宾关系，因此此处要用过去分词left作后置定语。
18.to stay 句意：鸟的鸣叫有时是警告其他的鸟远离。此处用不定式短语作后置定语修饰warning。
19.to be made 根据"We're having a meeting in half an hour."可知会议还没开始，The decision后面的定语应用动词不定式，表示将要发生的动作，又因为make与decision之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用不定式的被动形式。
考点2非谓语动词作状语
20to share 21 ued 22 exceeding 23 to save 24allowing 25having developed
26.using 考查非谓语动词。use与其逻辑主语People之间是主谓关系，故此处用现在分词作状语。
27.making 句意：冷风通过我们卧室的窗户袭来，使得开空调变得没有必要。空处在句中作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，且与句子主语之间为主动关系，故应用现在分词。
28.To make 句意：为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好把这张卡片放在手边。分析句子成分可以看出，本空在句中作目的状语，因此用不定式To make。
29.Ordered 句意：这些书是一个多星期以前订购的，预计马上会到货。分析句子成分可知，此处应用非谓语动词；order与句子主语是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语表示被动和完成。
30.turning 句意：新建的小木屋排列在街道两边，使这个古镇变成了梦境。句中已经有谓语动词且前后句间没有连词连接，故空处要用非谓语动词。动词turn与其逻辑主语为主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。
31.To catch 句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前预订了出租车并且起得很早。分析句子结构和题干语境可知，the early flight在句中作目的状语，故用to do不定式。
32.spent 分析句子结构可知，Much time与动词spend存在逻辑上的动宾关系，因此使用过去分词。
33.To learn 句意：为了更多地了解中国文化，Jack已决定选修中国民间音乐。根据句意可知，本句使用动词不定式充当目的状语。
34.combining 句中an English word和combine之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词充当状语，起补充说明作用。
35.wondering 句意：当那位职员看到了一张善良、满是皱纹又带着歉意的微笑的脸时，她呆呆地站在那里，考虑着是走还是留。主语she与wonder存在逻辑上的主谓关系，且wonder与stood的动作是同时发生的，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。
36.Having worked 句意：工作了两天之后，Steve设法按时完成了他的报告。句子主语为Steve，与work为逻辑上的主谓关系，又因work表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成式。
37.to talk 句意：有时，我会充当同学们的倾听者，为的是让他们能聊聊他们的烦心事。此处用不定式作目的状语。
38.Raised 句意：在格拉斯哥最贫困的地区长大，他成为一名足球明星的道路漫长而艰难。raise与句子的主语he是逻辑上的动宾关系， 故填Raised。
39.using 句意：就像古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星星辨别路。birds与use是逻辑上的主谓关系，并且use表示的动作与谓语动词find 同时发生，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
40.accompanied 句意：当被他们的父母陪同时，孩子们被允许进入体育场。when accompanied by their parents是一个过去分词短语作状语，相当于一个时间状语从句when they are accompanied by their parents，此处省略了they are。
41.to help 空后面是前面动作的目的，所以应该用不定式，作目的状语。句意：课后组织小组活动是为了帮助孩子们培养团队精神。
42.saying 句意：钉在门上的一张便条上写着商店再次营业的时间。pinned to the door为过去分词短语作定语；saying...为现在分词作伴随状语。
43.To work 句意：为了解决这个数学难题，我咨询了Russell教授好几次。根据句子的意思，此处所使用的短语在句中作状语，表示目的，故要用动词不定式。
44.To find —我希望参加计算机课程。—好主意。想查询更多的相关信息,访问该网站。根据句意可知，空格处所需信息是"访问该网站"的目的，所以用动词不定式作目的状语。
45.To stay 句意：为了晚上保暖，我将炉火灶填满，又设置了午夜的闹钟以便再次填满它。此处"保暖"是下面一系列动作的目的，所以用不定式作目的状语。
46.throwing 句意：阳光明亮刺眼,在地上投下轮廓分明的影子。throw与其逻辑主语The sunlight之间为主谓关系，故应用throwing…作伴随状语。
47.having caught 句意:我赶上了来自帕丁顿的那班7:30的火车，那天早就到了办公室。"赶上火车"这一动作是由主语执行的，且先于谓语动作got to发生，故应用现在分词的完成式。
48.Founded 句意：创建于20世纪初期，这所学校不断激励着儿童对于艺术的热爱。found与the school之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词。
49.telling 分析句子结构可知，my mother与tell之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且此处表示伴随状况，故用动词的-ing形式。
50.having set 分析句子成分可知，Lionel Messi与set之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，且Lionel Messi创纪录这一动作在is considered之前已经发生，因此用having set。
51.Having eaten 句意：之前在那个自助餐厅吃过饭，Tina不想再在那里吃了。分析句子结构和句意可知，Tina与eat之间是主谓关系，并且eat这一动作发生在谓语部分didn't want to eat所表示的动作之前，所以用Having eaten。
52.to watch 句意：老人每天晚上坐在电视机前，看(电视上）播放的任何内容都很高兴。此处用不定式的一般式作原因状语。
53.to be told 句意：George战后回来，却被告知他妻子已经离开了他。"only+不定式"作结果状语时，表示的是出乎意料的结果，通常是一种令人失望的结果。很显然，此题应用"only+不定式"结构。
54.taken 55.to operate 句意：这台机器很容易操作，任何人都能在几分钟内学会使用它。这里用"主语+be+形容词+不定式"结构，此时不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。
考点3非谓语动词作补语
56.taken 句意：在非洲医疗机构待了两年回来之后,李博士很高兴地看到他的母亲在家被照顾得很好。根据句子结构来判断,此空要用非谓语动词作宾语补足语,构成see sb. done结构，意思是"看到某人被……"。
57.developed 句意：辛苦努力后，很多新产品被研发出来，经理很满意。句子结构表明空格处用非谓语动词作宾语补足语。动词see的宾语many new products与develop之间为逻辑上的动宾关系且表示一个完成的动作，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。
58.understand 句意：让那些需要帮助的人明白我们会全力以赴去帮助他们。从整个句子结构来看，这是一个主从复合句，that引导的是宾语从句。let sb. do sth.意思是"让某人做某事"。
59.blocked 句意：当我们看到道路被雪封住后，我们决定在家过假期。blocked with snow是过去分词短语作宾补，road与block之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
60.winding 句意：我抬头看，注意到一条蛇正沿树蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。此处用现在分词表示正在进行的动作。
61.washed get sth. done表示"使……被……",过去分词作宾语补足语。
62.to speak 句意：她完成项目之后，那所学校邀请她给新生们讲话。invite sb. to do sth.表示"邀请某人做某事"。
63.following 句意：这老两口常常晚饭后在公园散步，他们的宠物狗在后面跟着。在with复合结构中，dog与follow是逻辑上的主谓关系，因此这里用现在分词表主动。
考点4非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
64. to acquire 65. Travelling 66.introducing 考查非谓语动词。动词include后需跟动名词作宾语，所以此空填introducing。
67.using 考查动名词作宾语的用法。介词without之后接动名词作宾语。
68.Ignoring 此题解题关键是要识别出will be是谓语动词。因此，谓语动词之前的部分应为句子的主语。动词原形和动词的-ed形式均不能作主语；动词-ing形式的完成式，表明此动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。而结合题干可知，空处与谓语动词之间没有明显的前后顺序，故应填Ignoring。句意：忽视这两项研究发现之间的差异将是你犯的最严重的错误之一。
69.Understanding 句意：理解你自己的需要和交流风格与学会表达你的喜爱和情感一样重要。根据句意可知，现在分词短语"Understanding your own needs and styles of communication"作主语，与learning to convey your affection and emotions对应。
70.connected 句意：对那些家人远在他乡的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。此处的stay是系动词，those与connect之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
71.to employ 句意：对于像这样的一家公司而言，雇用一名保安是常规做法。分析句子结构可知，It为形式主语，for a company like this one to employ...为不定式的复合结构，为真正的主语。
72.speaking 句意：当提到当众演讲，没人能与他相比。when it comes to...表示"当提及……，当谈到……"，其中to 为介词，后应接动词-ing形式。
73.going句意：今天很热。你想去游泳吗？ feel like意思是"想要"，其后要用动词的-ing形式作宾语。
74..Knowing 句意：了解基本的急救技巧能够帮助你快速应对紧急情况。分析句子结构可知， …techniques在句中充当主语，故此处应用动词的-ing形式。
75.Hearing 根据句子结构可知，此处creates前面的主语应该是 how others react to the book you have just read，其中you have just read是定语从句，修饰the book，所以此处应该用动名词形式。
76.being reduced 分析句子结构可知，and前后两个部分都是作after的宾语，又因reduce与the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此填being reduced。
77.to lock 句意：我离开办公室之前记得锁门却忘记关灯了。remember to do表示"记得做"，与后句中的forgot to相对应。
78.to meet 句意：如果他承担这份工作，他将别无选择，只能迎接更大的挑战。have no choice but to do 为固定结构，意为"别无选择，只能……"。
79.doing/to be done "某事需要被做"可以用"sth. needs doing"和"sth. needs to be done"的形式表示。
80.correcting 句意：人通过犯错误并改正错误来学习语言。空处与句中的making并列。
81.take→taking 考查非谓语动词。因为and连接两个并列的成分，且介词后接动名词形式，所以将take改为taking。
82.wear→wearing 考查动名词作宾语。介词后面应用动名词形式作宾语。
83.looks→looking 结合语境这里应用动名词作介词After的宾语，故应把looks改为looking。
