初中英语之语法回顾 现在进行时知识点总结整理
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初中英语语法精品资料第十讲,动词时态现在完成时知识点总结
一、现在进行时用法:
1. 表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作。
Please don't make so much noise. I'm writing a composition.
不要吵闹。我正在写作文。
Let's set off. It isn’t raining now. 咱们出发吧。现在不下雨了。
这类情况常与 now 现在,at the present 现在,at the moment 现在,today 今天,this week 这 个星期,this year 今年等时间状语连用。有时通过上下文可以判断出应采用何种时态,如:
It's four o'clock in the afternoon. The children are playing football on the sports ground. 现在是 下午四点。孩子们在操场上踢足球。
Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. 快点!我们大家都等着你。
Look! They are reading over there under the tree. 看!他们在那边的树底下看书。 Listen! She is singing in the room. 听!她在房间里唱歌。
Where is Kate? She is reading in the room. 凯特在哪里?她在房间里看书。
Why are you crying? Is something wrong? 为什么哭呢?有什么不对?
2. 表示现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定在进行的动作。
We are working in a factory these days. 这几天我们在一家工厂工作。
They are compiling a dictionary. 他们在编一本词典。
这类情况常与 today 今天,this week 这个星期,this evening 今天晚上,these days 现在、目 前等时间状语连用。
3. 在口语中表示主语计划将要作的动作。
They are leaving for New York tomorrow. 明天他们将要动身前往纽约。
Is your brother departing soon? 你的兄弟很快就要启程吗?
这类情况常与 come 来,go 去, leave 离开,depart 离开,arrive 到达,stay 逗留,start 开始 等动词连用。所用的动词必须是动作而不是状态,主语必须是人。
4. 现在进行时与 always 等副词连用时带有感情色彩。
He's always quarrelling with others. 他老喜欢跟别人吵架。
She is constantly worrying about her son's health.
她不停地为她儿子的健康担心着。
The boy is forever asking questions. 那个男孩老是问问题。
这类情况常与 always 总是,usually 通常,continually 不断的,constantly 经常的,forever 永 远、老是等副词连用。
5. 有的现在进行时句子和一般现在时同义。用现在进行时表示问者的关切心情。
How are you feeling today? (How do you feel today?)你今天感觉如何?
I am looking (look)forward to your next visit. 我盼望你下次再来。
Why are you looking(do you look)so sad?
为什么你看起来这么愁眉苦脸的样子呢?
6. 有的动词用于现在进行时表示“逐渐”的含义。此种用法除了偶尔和 now 连用外,一般不和 其他时间副词连用的。
Our study is becoming more interesting. 我们的学习变得越来越有趣了。
The leaves are turning red. 树叶渐渐地变红了。
The war is ending. 战争接近尾声了。
Wait a moment; I am finishing my supper. 等一会儿,我的晚饭就要吃完了。
适合于此种用法的动词有:bet/grow/become/turn/run/go 变成,begin 开始,forget 忘记, remember 记得,die 死,finish 完成,find 发现,rise 增强等.
7. “be”动词的现在进行时。“be”动词用于现在进行时表示说话者认为是短暂的、和平常不一 样的、甚至是伪装的。
He is being foolish. 他在装傻。
He is being honest. 他表现得特别老实。
She is being rude. 她故意表现粗鲁。
I can't understand why he is being so selfish.我不明白此时他为何如此自私。
适合于此种用法的有:foolish 愚蠢的,nice 好的,kind 好心的,careful 细心的,patient 耐心 的,lazy 懒惰的,silly 傻的,rude 粗鲁的,polite 礼貌的,impolite 无礼的等表示人的特性、 性格的形容词。
(“be”动词用于现在进行时表示人的行为,纯粹表示心理或生理的状态而不 带有行动时或主语不是人时,“be”动词不能用于现在进行时)如:
I am happy.(表语是纯粹的心理状态,不可用 am being) 我很快乐。
He's tired.(表语是纯粹的生理状态,不可用 is being) 他很疲倦。
It's hot today.(主语不是人,不可用 is being) 今天很热。
常和现在进行时连用的时间状语 :now,right now,at the moment, at this time,these days, look,listen……
用法实例:
(1)当句子中有 now 时,常表示动作正在进行,这时要用现在进行时。如: They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。
(2)以 look, listen 开头的句子,提示我们动作正进行,这时要用现在进行时。如:
Listen!She is singing an English song.听,她正在唱英语歌。
(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作,且此时有 this week, these days 等时间状语, 这时常用现在进行时。如:
We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。
(4)描述图片中的人物的动作,也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如:
Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图,那些孩子正在公园放风筝。
二、现在进行时一般结构:
1. 肯定句式:主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.
2. 否定句式:主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.
3. 一般疑问句:Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它?
4. 特殊疑问句:疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它?
对一般疑问句作答,肯定回答:yes,主语+be,否定回答:no,主语+be not 对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答,它不可以用 Yes 或 No 直接作答,要根据实际情况回答。
Eg:
They are working these days. →They aren’t working these days.
He is buying a bike. →He isn’t buying a bike.
Are they working these days? →What are they doing these days?
Is he buying a bike? →What is he doing ?
三、现在分词的变法有
1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing
Jump——jumping go——going pushing——pushing play——playing
2、以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词,先去 e,再加-ing.
Take——takeing leave——leaving write——writing have——having
3、.以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母的词,它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾 的辅音字母双写,再加上-ing.
Cut—cutting put—putting stop—stopping fit—fitting begin—beginning forget—forgetting
4.以 ie 结尾的词,将 ie 变为 y 再加 ing
Lie—lying
自我检测
1、 Look! He _____their mother do the housework.
A. is helping B. are help C. is help D.is helpping
2 、_____are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.
A .Who B .How C.What D.Where
3、 Don’t talk here. My mother _____.
A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep
4 、Danny ______. Don’t call him.
A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes
5 、–When_____he_____back? – Sorry, I don’t know.
A. does,come B.are coming C.is come D.is coming
6、 It’s ten o’clock. My mother _____(lie)in bed.
7、 What____he _____(mend)?
8、 We _____(play)games now.
9、 What ____you____(do) thesse days?
10、 ____he ___(clean) the classroom?
11、 Who____(sing)in the next room?
12、The girl____(like)wearing a sweater. Look! She ____(wear)a red sweater today.
答案:1 is lying 2 is mending 3 are playing 4 are doing 5 Is cleaning 6 is singing 7 likes ; is wearing 注意: 把动词变成现在分词形式易出错 例:1、They are swiming.(swim) 2 、Jenny is plaiing(play)football. 答案:1.swimming 2 .playing 丢掉 be 动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词 例:1、 Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park. 2 、Li Mingisn’t read ( not read) a book in bed now.答案:1 are flying 2 isn’t reading 解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为:“be+现在分词,缺一不可”。
这一点必须牢记。
对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing 例:1 、The students are singing in the room.(对划线部分提问) What are the students in the room?答案:What are the students doing in the room?
解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What +be +主语+doing+其它?” 现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视 or 后用现在分词形式 例:孩子们在跑还是在跳? Are the children running or jump?答案:Are the children running or jumping? 解析: or 连接的是两个并列成分,动词形式须一致。